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* Follow the athletes for minimum 30-40 seconds for each spot | * Follow the athletes for minimum 30-40 seconds for each spot | ||
* Variation of camera angles if possible - mix in close-up of runners whenever possible. Use picture-to-picture transitions and avoid panning when possible. Avoid filming athletes from the back. | * Variation of camera angles if possible - mix in close-up of runners whenever possible. Use picture-to-picture transitions and avoid panning when possible. Avoid filming athletes from the back. | ||
| - | * Try to give feeling of high speed of runners if possible | + | * Try to give feeling of high speed of runners if possible (But: Show the runners in their natural element and give a "correct" picture of the terrain - can also show them in slower speed) |
* For forest races, significant parts of the footage should ideally be in the forest if possible. | * For forest races, significant parts of the footage should ideally be in the forest if possible. | ||
* Use different terrain characteristics for the different TV control locations if possible: Easier for the viewer to see the difference, and also makes the broadcast more diverse. Mix of open forest / dense forest is good | * Use different terrain characteristics for the different TV control locations if possible: Easier for the viewer to see the difference, and also makes the broadcast more diverse. Mix of open forest / dense forest is good | ||
| - | * Always show graphics with place/name of location (e.g. " | + | * Always show graphics with place/name of location (e.g. "Intermediate 4.5 km") and also athlete name with running time (which stops at TV split). See section [[Graphics]] for more about the graphics. |
* An absolute minimum of 2 cameras needed at each location, typically should have at least 3 cameras at each location | * An absolute minimum of 2 cameras needed at each location, typically should have at least 3 cameras at each location | ||
Revision as of 23:24, 29 March 2012
Contents |
Camera footage
This section covers aspects related to camera footage in orienteering TV productions. Focus is on items which are specific for orienteering broadcasts.
A section discussion "Best practise" has been set up. This section will evolve during the project based on input from different sources. The best practise section is thought to give some input for a future production manual for orienteering TV productions.
Other items:
Note! Camera footage is also linked to Competition formats, Spreading methods and Storytelling.
Camera footage best practise
These best practise tips are a starting point for discussions at the TV workshop in Sweden February 10th-11th.
General remarks
General remarks about best practice for camera footage:
- Follow the athletes for minimum 30-40 seconds for each spot
- Variation of camera angles if possible - mix in close-up of runners whenever possible. Use picture-to-picture transitions and avoid panning when possible. Avoid filming athletes from the back.
- Try to give feeling of high speed of runners if possible (But: Show the runners in their natural element and give a "correct" picture of the terrain - can also show them in slower speed)
- For forest races, significant parts of the footage should ideally be in the forest if possible.
- Use different terrain characteristics for the different TV control locations if possible: Easier for the viewer to see the difference, and also makes the broadcast more diverse. Mix of open forest / dense forest is good
- Always show graphics with place/name of location (e.g. "Intermediate 4.5 km") and also athlete name with running time (which stops at TV split). See section Graphics for more about the graphics.
- An absolute minimum of 2 cameras needed at each location, typically should have at least 3 cameras at each location
Number of TV splits
Individual start races
- For individual start races (sprint / middle) it should usually be enough with 4 camera footage locations in the course: start, finish + 2 TV splits to make it possible for the viewer to understand what is happening (WOC 2011 sprint had 6 locations).
- If more cameras are to be added for an individual start race, increase the duration a runner is shown at each of the locations (e.g. start - 1st control instead of only start or pre-warning-last control-finish instead of only last control to finish).
- Of the 2 TV splits, one may be at an arena passage/spectator control, but it is not necessary for the story-telling. Position to choose is a trade-off between good footage / showing spectators / possible camera locations.
- For a full production of a long distance race, at least one more location should be added - ideally two.
Example which worked well: WOC 2008 Sprint
First-to-finish races
- For a first-to-finish races (chasing start / mass start / relay), more locations must be added, and thus also less cameras for each location.
- As a compromise runners will then often have to be shown shorter at each location. Some more panning, maybe even show runners from behind at times (compromise must be considered)
- Typically a minimum of 5-6 locations and 1-3 cameras at each location.
Example WOC 2008 Relay. This worked very well for the first and last part, but there was a break for nearly 25 minutes in the middle.
Examples of good locations/footage
Here some examples of interesting footage should be given. For now only one example is given.
- Handheld camera World Cup Middle Liberec 2011
Generally, the long clips in open forest with 3-4 cameras and varying camera angle work very well.
Camera footage categorization
Typically, camera footage is shown from 3-6 location in a broadcast. In the current project one aim is to look at camera footage from previous TV productions from orienteering and categorize them according to a number of objective criteria (see below). In addition, exceptionally good camera locations/footage is to be identified (based on more subjective criteria) in order to highlight which locations work better than others.
Each camera footage location in a broadcast should be identified according to
- Position in course (in time from start, km from start, control number, marked on map)
- Duration each runner is typically shown (in seconds)
Technical camera solutions
TBD: List and discuss technical camera solutions. E.g. crane etc. Why they are useful, when to apply, examples of when they have been used.
Camera positioning
This project does not plan to focus on camera positioning, but some general remarks are included for now.
- Camera positioning and general guidelines on what to show for start and finish could/should be agreed on. For instance for the start: First wide angle shot (whole start box) and then close up with a runner and graphic layout. Same at finish, first wide angle shot and close up when the runner crosses the finish line.
From the IOF Arena Production Presentation:
